8 Phases of EMDR
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an evidence-based approach to psychotherapy that helps alleviate the distress associated with traumatic events. EMDR is structured into eight phases, each designed to ensure that the individual is well supported and safely guided through the memory reprocessing:
Phase 1: History Taking and Treatment Planning: As an EMDR therapist, Phase 1 begins during our first appointment together. We will build a rapport, explore what has brought you to therapy, and find focus in our work together. Once we have established a specific goal, your history is discussed and a treatment plan is developed. We will also assess your internal and external resources such as how much capacity you have to connect with distressing emotions while also not feeling unbearably overwhelmed.
Phase 2: Preparation: During this phase, I will further explain the EMDR process. I will also help you develop coping strategies and resources to better manage distress that may arise during and between sessions. For example, we may integrate an exercise called Safe/Calm Place during this phase. Often times, clients may stay at Phase 1 and 2 for an extended period of time.
Phase 3: Assessment: The event to reprocess (known as the target memory) is identified along with any images, beliefs, feelings, and other sensations that accompany the experience. Measures such as the Subjective Units of Disturbance (SUD) and the Validity of Cognition (VOC) scales are also used.
The next 3 Phases are known as the “reprocessing” phases and involve dual attention bilateral stimulation (BLS). Dual attention BLS activates your information processing system while keeping you anchored in the present. Dual attention BLS may be side-to-side eye movements, sounds, or taps.
Phase 4: Desensitization: BLS is used while you focus on and re-visit the traumatic memory. I will guide you through this process, helping to reduce the emotional intensity associated with the memory. During this time, new thoughts, sensations, images, and feelings may emerge. We will continue with Phase 4 until your SUD reduces to a 0 (or 1 if appropriate).
Phase 5: Installation: Positive beliefs are reinforced using BLS, helping you integrate these new beliefs in the context of the traumatic event.
Phase 6: Body Scan: I will guide you through a body scan to assess for any residual tension or discomfort associated with the memory. BLS is used to resolve these sensations, if there are any.
Phase 7: Closure: Each session ends with a focus on returning you to a state of equilibrium. I will ensure you have the resources you need to feel safe and supported before leaving each session.
Phase 8: Re-evaluation: At the beginning of subsequent sessions, we will evaluate the progress made, ensure the distress is still low, and that positive cognitions remain strong. Future targets and directions for continued treatment are determined.
EMDR is an effective and innovative approach to psychotherapy. If you’re interested in learning more, feel free to book a Discovery Call. I would be honoured to support you in your journey with EMDR.